Australia Pestle Essay Example

Australia Pestle Essay Australia and Fosters Well to begin with Australia, worldâ„ ¢s smallest continent ¦came into worlâ„ ¢d view in 1901 when the six colonies federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia. Political Environment Type of Government system:- The form of government used in Australia is a Constitutional Monarchy â€Å" Constitutionalâ„ ¢ because the powers and procedures of the Commonwealth Government are defined by a written constitution, and Monarchyâ„ ¢ because Australiaâ„ ¢s Head of State is Queen Elizabeth II. In Australia rule making powers are distributed between the Commonwealth, six States and two Territories: New South Wales, (NSW) Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and Northern Territory (see map â€Å" Norfolk Island Territory has also been given some local rule making powers by the national government) (Australiaâ„ ¢s government system is a liberal democratic one a political system that has free elections, a multiplicity of political parties, political decisions made through an independent legislature, and an independent judiciary, with a state monopoly on law enforcement , in short a system working in the interest of the citizens.) Control structure of Australia:- The Australian government structure is quite centralized as major areas such as taxation, defence, foreign affairs, postal and telecommunications services are managed by the federal government while rest of the matters such as police, hospitals, education and public transport are taken care of by the state and local government. Benefit of centralization Things run more smoothly and decisions take less time. There is strong power centrally located so problems are just altogether swiftly executed. Centralized government means that one body makes all the important decisions for the nation or state, and handles all responsibiliites, it is best for smaller nations that dont have much territory to control, therefore must keep everything tight and concentrated. We will write a custom essay sample on Australia Pestle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Australia Pestle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Australia Pestle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer POLITICAL PARTIES:- Three political parties dominate the center of the Australian political spectrum. 1) The Liberal Party (LP), nominally representing urban business interests, and its smaller coalition partner. 2) The Nationals, nominally representing rural interests, are the more conservative parties. 3) The Australian Labor Party nominally represents workers, trade unions, and left-of-center groups. Julia Gillard Prime Minister of Australia â€Å" Member of which party What is that partyâ„ ¢s morals and how it would impact the country Economic Environment For Australia, the terms of trade are at their highest level since the early 1950s, and national income is growing strongly as a result. In the household sector thus far, there continues to be a degree of caution in spending and borrowing, which has led to a noticeable increase in the saving rate. Asset values have generally been little changed over recent months and overall credit growth remains quite subdued, notwithstanding evidence of some greater willingness to lend. Employment growth has been very strong over the past year, though some leading indicators suggest a more moderate pace of expansion in the period ahead. After the significant decline last year, growth in wages has picked up somewhat, as had been expected. Some further increase is likely over the coming year. From 1980â„ ¢s many structural reforms were witnessed which transformed Australia from a conservative, highly protected and regulated market place to an open, internationally competitive, export-oriented economy. Since the 1980s, Australia has undertaken significant structural reform of its economy and has transformed itself from an inward-looking, highly protected, and regulated marketplace to an open, internationally competitive, export-oriented economy. Many economic reforms were undertaken resulting in economic liberalization for the country. They were:- 1) Unilaterally reducing high tariffs and other protective barriers to free trade 2) Floating the Australian Dollar The advantages of floating rates include automatic stabilisation of the exchange rate. Floating rates offer greater flexibility of trade Will have to take explanation on the concept of Floating currency 3) Deregulating the financial services sector including liberalizing access for foreign banks 4) Reforming the taxation system including introducing a broad based Goods and Services Tax (GST) and large reductions in income tax rates. Australia is a mixed economy, with major state-owned enterprises in communications, transport, banking, energy generation and health services, as well as privately owned enterprises in the same areas. In common with capitalist economies such as the UK and New Zealand, Australian governments are reducing these activities by privatizing state-operated businesses. (Australias economy is dominated by its services sector, yet its economic success is based on abundance of agricultural and mineral resources. Australias comparative advantage in the export of primary products is a reflection of the natural wealth of the Australian continent and its small domestic market. (ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND POINT) Social Environment Australia has a diverse culture and lifestyle. It reflects liberal democratic traditions and values. This diverse culture is because of millions of migrants who are settled in Australia from a long time. When people migrate to new place they spread their culture and knowledge also. Australia is a unique blend of different traditions and cultures. Australiaâ„ ¢s original inhabitants were the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples; they have been living in Australia for at least 60,000 years. The rest of the Australia has migrants or descendants of migrants who have arrived in Australia from all across the globe. In the year 1945, Australiaâ„ ¢s population was around 7 million, but today it is more than 21 million people. These migrants have enriched Australian culture; it has influenced traditional customs, lifestyle, education system, culture and arts. It has turned society in many ways creating a broader outlook. The defining feature of Australia is not only its diversity but it is the extent to which they are united despite of differences in culture. Australian laws allow everyone to express their culture and customs. Over the years the rate at which the GDP of Australia has improved, GPI i.e. Genuine Progress Indicator reflected a minimal growth. So what is the catch in this point This indicates that higher economic growth and social growth didnâ„ ¢t go hand in hand. Its high economic growth did not have much impact on the welfare and quality of life of Australians. An overview if Australia definitely gives a nice view with higher standard of living and longer life expectancies however this is true for certain groups in Australian society. While searching for the details I was looking for some positive notes but came across this data which changes the mindset and gives a totally different view of Social envt of Australia. There are still certain groups in Australian society under the burden of unemployment, poverty, homelessness and inadequate housing, education and health. Socio-demographic change is an important factor underpinning many of the trends and issues analysed in the following pages. Australiaâ„ ¢s population is ageing, increasingly mobile, more and more reliant on overseas migration for population growth as fertility rates decline, and organised in increasingly diverse ways with a fall in overall household size and growth in diverse family and household formations. Immigration Australia has one of the highest immigration rates of all developed countries, and has sustained high immigration for most of the past 60 years Traditionally, Australia has relied on immigration to sustain economic growth For most industries, population growth means market growth, and some industries, particularly the residential construction industry, have a very strong interest in high immigration levels. Even the government finds immigration attractive it helps keep the population young, thus maintaining a high proportion of tax-paying working Australians and a comparatively lower number of older Australians drawing pensions and health care benefits. AGEING POPULATION An aging population can have a significant impact on society in Australia. In one of the sources it was mentioned that by the year 2027, there will be a marked increase in the number of Australians over sixty four years of age. Another cause of Australiaâ„ ¢s aging population is improved life expectancies. The first positive economic effect on the Australian economy will be economic growth and expansion. As older generations tendency to save more in the form of investments in financial sector will act as an injection into the economy causing the economy to expand. The second positive economic effect on the Australian economy will be increased government spending which will lead to economic growth It is important to take into account the negative effects that an aging population could give rise to. Which is nothing but an indication of rise in unemployment a negative sign for any economy. Australias population, like that of most developed countries, is ageing as a result of sustained low fertility and increasing life expectancy. This is resulting in proportionally fewer children (under 15 years of age) in the population. Over the next several decades, population ageing is projected to have significant implications for Australia, including for health, labour force participation, housing and demand for skilled labour. Technological Environment Research and development Australiaâ„ ¢s strong business performance in recent years has been underpinned by a record of innovation and a longstanding commitment to research and development (RD), aimed at increasing productivity, building new markets and boosting international competitiveness. The Australian Government supports RD through direct funding as well as providing significant tax concessions to encourage private sector investment. RD priority areas include information and communications technology (ICT), biotechnology, manufacturing, mining and the food industry. Technology greatly impacts on farming in Australia. Scientific and technical advances have helped to make Australian farmers some of the worlds leaders in efficiency and productivity. As previously said, Australiaâ„ ¢s economy is dominated by the Service sector. And this is visible through the Information and communications technology The telecommunications sector in Australia has undergone a significant transformation in the past decade ¦ The Internet and e-commerce have boosted the international competitiveness of Australian businesses. Many Australian firms are now using internet technology to expand into new foreign markets. Important research is also being conducted by the Australian Government-funded Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) ICT Centre. This research focuses on innovation that creates a competitive advantage for Australia and leads to globally adopted solutions. Australia is today well connected, both domestically and internationally, with a modern fibre-optic backbone, satellite coverage and an extensive mobile network. Over the past two decades, Australia has failed to build significant positions in the technological revolution that has transformed the global economy. In high-tech industries such as software and electronics Australia has been left behind, and in emerging sectors such as biotechnology, it threatens to be. There is no intrinsic reason for Australias poor innovation performance. Australia is not less entrepreneurial than other developed countries or less scientifically creative. We have the human and financial resources. The challenge is to ensure policy settings provide the right incentives to encourage and develop frontier technologies such as biotechnology and nanotechnology, as well as ensuring the diffusion and upgrading of new technologies within established industries. The CEDA report contains analysis of Australias recent innovation performance by a group of leading innovation experts. Key findings include: Australia has failed to develop financial and organisational vehicles capable of managing the inherently risky nature of investment in technological innovation, which is characterized by far greater levels of risk than routine production. In no successful economy is innovation risk managed by markets alone. Nations that have established sets of institutions to achieve risk-sharing have succeeded in innovating in complex and uncertain fields such as software, electronics and the life sciences. Those that havent developed such national systems of innovation have failed to build those industries. In almost no country other than Australia does the stock market attempt to finance innovation in its early phases. If Australia wishes to participate in technology creation (as opposed to simply consuming technology) appropriate risk management vehicles need to be developed. Policy attention has tended to focus on science-based industries with high levels of direct RD and strong links to universities (such as computing, electronics, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology). While these high-tech industries are very important and can potentially act as transforming platforms, they are also very small (accounting for only 3 per cent of GDP in most OECD economies). The role of low and medium technology industries tends to be neglected. This is a serious failing. These industries (such as food processing, timber products, textiles, wine, mechanical engineering and services such as transport and health) are intensive users of RD and scientific knowledge. Economic growth is based not just on the creation of new sectors but on the internal transformation of sectors that already exist-that is, on continuous technological upgrading. Potential growth trajectories may rest as much on sectors such as engineering, food, wine and vehicles as on radically new sectors such as ICT or biotechnology. Australia has a conservative innovation system that is only slowly generating new paths of technological accumulation. The majority of innovation is incremental, involving improvements in products, processes and methods and is based on knowledge sourced from overseas. Despite a decade of strong economic growth, many standard indicators of innovation have been failing. While Australia has high levels of technological specialization in mining and agriculture and patenting in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals has grown rapidly over the past decade, we have one of the lowest levels of change in technological specialization among OECD countries. Australia has not seen the emergence of any major new sector such as telecommunications in Finland and Sweden, oil in Norway, semiconductors in Korea and Taiwan and motor vehicles in Germany. The report argues that an effective national innovation system plays a central role in enhancing competitive capability. If current weaknesses in Australias innovation track record are not addressed, our future economic development will be seriously impeded. Legal close regulation of key economic sectors, he Australian economy will have to increasingly address environmental and Aboriginal issues. Environmental damage caused by mining and agriculture, especially, have come under frequent media attack. Current issues include soil erosion caused by overgrazing, urbanization, and poor farming practices; increases in soil salinity largely due to farming practices; depletion of fresh water supplies, again largely due to farming and urbanization; and coastal damage, especially around the Great Barrier Reef on the Queensland coast, caused by shipping and extensive tourism. Mining impacts on the environment, such as the release of toxic substances, tend to be more localized. Mining and agricultural enterprises are becoming more responsive to environmental issues, but there is still room for improvement. Envt emergence of a green economy in Australia Energy industries have emerged as the greatest emitter of green houses gases in Australia. LEGAL/REGULTORY FACTORS Australia, the member of OECD escaped the Global financial crisis. OECD mentioned that Australiaâ„ ¢s strong regulatory frameworks and sound policies have helped Australia weather the global crisis better than the other OECD countries. The monetary and fiscal policy played a key role in supporting the Australian economy MONETARY policy The Reserve Bank of Australia is responsible for formulating and implementing monetary policy. Since the early 1990s, inflation targeting has been the main objective of Australias monetary policy framework as controlling inflation preserves the value of money. The current inflation rate is 2.80% and the RBA has set policy to achieve an inflation rate of 2-3 per cent on average. The inflation target is achieved through periodic adjustments to the Central Bank interest rate target i.e. the interbank rate (cash rate) at which the banks lend to each other overnight for cash flow purposes. To control inflation, the interest rate plays a significant role ¦.if interest rate is high, the aggregate demand tends to lower thus stabilizing the prices. In 2010, there was constant rise in the interest rate and the now the current interest rate has been maintained at 4.75% The rate of inflation tends to increase when the overall demand for goods and services exceeds the economys capacity to sustainably supply goods and services. Hence To help avoid the country falling in recession, the Australian central bank cut interest rates to a 45-year low of 3.25% in February. FISCAL POLICY Fiscal policy uses two actions:-Taxation and Government spending to steer the economy. Taxation

Japan Suicude essays

Japan Suicude essays In this life, everything has an opposite, such as happiness and misery, pleasure and pain, and success and failure. Moreover, if there is life, there is death, is one of the greatest mysteries of life mankind has been searching. For better or worse, there are many trials and challenges in this life, and people struggle to overcome their challenges. In fact, many people have difficulty in finding an answer in their lives, and often question where they will go after their death; on the other hand, everybody knows they definitely will die sooner or later. At the moment, some of them want to leave the situations upon which they are placed. In order to change their present situation, people choose what they want to do. Some people stick with the problem while others try to escape. In the feudal days of Japan, if the situation became too stressful and there was no way to resolve the problem, people often killed themselves; it was called seppuku or hara-kiri. Toyomasa Fuse, in Sui cide, Individual and Society, states that, The powerful motives for committing seppuku- saving ones honor, making apologies and assuming ones moral (as opposed to legal) responsibility for ones own mistakes or ones superior ones group . . . (215). After the Edo period in Japan, samurai no longer assumed strong power, and consequently, people stopped committing suicide. In addition, after World War II, Japan was influenced by Western culture, and at the same time, causes of suicide changed. This influence is found among the adults as well as the young. In fact, suicide is on the increase among young people in Japan and Linda L. Arthur claims Japans overall teenage suicide rate for many years was the highest in the world (13). The reasons are stress, depression, loose values, and family pressure. Japanese society and families pressure young people, and these...

Discuss the premise that cash is the 'essential commodity' of a Research Paper

Discuss the premise that cash is the 'essential commodity' of a business, that cash lubricates the business and allows operation - Research Paper Example Cash is particularly important for business because people and organizations will not be normally willing to accept anything other than cash in settlement of their claims against the business. This paper will specifically discuss the importance of cash management and cash planning in a business environment. Importance of Cash Financial experts indicate that cash is the ‘essential commodity’ of a business, that cash lubricates the business and allows operations to run efficiently. It is clear that cash is necessary to meet the day to day needs of a business. Evidently, a business firm cannot run its operations efficiently unless it has enough cash to pay its employees and debtors. In addition, adequate cash reserves are vital for business to invest in infrastructure and other expansion projects and to deal with unexpected contingencies. Experts opine that a firm’s cash flow is a key factor determining the long term success of the business. To illustrate, investors and shareholders give particular focus to the strength of cash reserves while evaluating financial position of a company. Clearly, companies lacking adequate cash reserves cannot offer attractive dividends to stakeholders and this condition in turn would adversely affect their long term sustainability. The intensity of market competition is very high today, and therefore firms need to significantly invest in business promotion in order to successfully confront competitors. If an organization does not have adequate funds to promote its business in the market, it will probably lose its market share to competitors and eventually the business may go out of the market. Importance of Cash Management and Planning As discussed already, cash is an ingredient element for business growth and therefore effective management and planning of cash is vital to ensure long term business success. Assuring sufficient funds as and when required is a potential challenge for financial managers in every or ganization. When an organization has sufficient funds to implement its business plans to address economic downturns, it can focus on its business operations confidently. On the other hand, when an organization struggling with inadequate cash flow, it is forced to review and modify its business plans. Under such circumstances, a firm cannot run its operations effortlessly. In the view of Williams, effective cash management is particularly important to maintain safe debt levels (n. p.). The financial management has to critically analyze the firm’s ability to repay debts before making a borrowing decision. Excess borrowing beyond the capacity of the organization will certainly affect the feasibility of the business even when the borrowing rates are low. Therefore, cash management is inevitable while dealing with debt financing. In addition, cash management plays a significant role in enabling effective utilization of money. As Nikolai et al. point out, cash management is particu larly concerned with the management’s ability to identify cash shortage problems before they arise and to develop potential strategies to resolve those issues recognized (317-318). Proper management of cash is crucial to ensure that the organization has sufficient funds to finance purchases and other expansion activities during the peak season. Thoughtful cash management is

Analysis of PJR Designs Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of PJR Designs - Case Study Example These are the first people who team up to register a company, corporation or a business set up. A majority of entrepreneurial skills enhances survival and copes with the stiff competition in the market. Most of these skills range from unique business strategies, development of consumer products through technology to guidelines for the achievements of the above (Daft, 2010: P 91). They provide guidance to companies, clear objectives, and priorities for successful ventures. Other tasks may entail supervising the acquisition of property, expansion, organization and all powers in disposing of assets. They are in charge of some department in the company and assume everyday administration of the company. In rank, they are below the executives but above the common employees. They possess a high understanding of the working of the company, very skilled in leading the other employees and managing them. They are to supervise, in person or through others, the workforce and make amicable decisions on behalf of the company (Daft, 2010: P 218). He has powers to appoint and fire employees deemed unproductive to ensure positive productivity. The productivity of a company is possible through determination of the number of units produced in a given period. The production responsibility squarely rests upon the production manager. The responsibility for ensuring that all systems are running and meeting deadlines lie to him. Acquisition of orders for production and assigning of personnel to do the job also forms part of his/her work. He gives directions on the work done, and when the need arises, gives recommendations on the staff or the types and kinds of machines required to enhance productivity (Daft, 2010: P 216). The export manager represents the company in the international business phase. The responsibility of attaining targets from international clients lay at his shoulders, and the meeting of deadlines (Tripathi & Reddy 2006: P. 95). The functions of shipping products for export and other modes of ensuring that the products reach the global market in time lies under him.  

Term Paper Project Domino's Pizza marketing strategist

Project Domino's Pizza marketing strategist - Term Paper Example o the increase in demand for fast food in the market and as a result of which new and existing pizza manufacturers have been entering or expanding their operations in the markets globally. It needs to be mentioned in this regard that the aspect of globalization also influenced Domino’s Pizza owing to which the company has been making constant attempts to enter or expand their operations in the new global markets. It was found in this respect that Domino’s intended to enter the markets of Argentina with their available or innovative fast foods such as pizza and drinks among others in order to realize their expansion plans. History and Origin of Domino’s Pizza Domino’s Pizza was introduced in the year 1960 and started operating in Michigan, United States by serving fast foods and deserts among others. Gradually, after capturing the market of US, the company started to expand its business overseas along with encompassing all the states of US. Presently, the c ompany is known to be operating in 70 countries with 10000 stores. Domino’s Pizza is considered to be amongst the largest chains of pizza restaurants currently owing to its global presence. Moreover, in the year 1998, the owner of Domino’s Pizza sold 93% of the company to Bain Capital Inc and in 2004, it transformed into a public company. Domino’s introduced innovative ideas with regard to their food products as well as services for the global market in order to satisfy the customers’ demands along with expanding the business operations. A few of the innovative food items introduced by the company can be identified as new inspired pizza, Domino’s heat wave, a desert food named cinna stix, cheesy dots and classic cheese burger among others. (Domino’s Pizza, 2012). It was recently found that Domino’s Pizza intends to enter the market of Argentina in order to fulfill its expansion plans. Demographic and Geographic Factors of Argentina Argentina is a European country and is learnt to be surrounded by Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Chile along with Bolivia. Argentina includes 5 cities namely Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Rosario, Mendoza along with La Plata. The total population of Argentina is stated to be 37 million as per 2000 year census. The form of Argentina’s government can be ident ified as Federal Republic with Bicameral Legislative Power. The prevailing religion of Argentina is Roman Catholic and the languages spoken are Spanish along with other native tongues (Argentina Xplora, 2001). Internal and External Environmental Factors of Argentina The market trends of Argentina’s fast food sector reveals demands do exist in the market which marks and justifies the presence of certain companies such as KFC, McDonalds and others in the market. These stated companies have also been found to expand their business operations throughout the various markets of Argentina (Euromonitor, 2012). The rising demand for fast food in Argentina can be ascertained from the amount of fast food stores present in the country and also from the expansion plans of various

Consumption and Customers in the Automobile Industry

Consumption and Customers in the Automobile Industry Yu Dai â€Å"I don’t need it but I want it, why shouldn’t I have it?† In the documentary No Impact Man, the heroine Michelle questioned her husband Colin who had proposed the environmental protection project. The question, simple while indeed stated with logical precision, involves significant issues. From the economic perspective, this situation is described as hovering between personal motivations and consumer values when making economic decisions. Personal motivations have been considered a driving force of consumption, whereas consumer values express motivational concerns according to the theory of basic human values (Schwartz, S. H., Bilsky, W.). In the end of the movie, Michelle cycled through Manhattan with her baby girl. She once could not understand why some people did not drive in New York City, but then she became one of them. It is customary to consider that â€Å"finding balance regard to values† implies compromise, in which personal desires are usu ally first sacrificed, as it did in the case of Michelle who gave up her car. Nevertheless, I argue that values can be useful in expediting technological progress and giving us guidance for consuming smarter rather than simply sacrificing motivations. The formation of consumer values cannot be divorced from the consumption behavior itself. The idea of consumption has a long history, even before the emergence of money, back to the barter system period. Consumerism in the contemporary sense, which was considered as the early immature consumer value, originated in late nineteenth century when the accomplishment of the Second Industrial Revolution further encouraged the economic development. People’s spending habits changed greatly during the past several centuries. Most economic developments in the last century have been achieved at the cost of environment, and after entering the new century, many attempts were made to change the situation. Automobile industry as one of the most representative examples shows the possibility that moral standard, as part of the consumer value, can stimulate the market to develop new technology through its influence on consumer demand and behaviors. Modern cars were invented based on the working steam-powered vehicle during the Industrial Revolution, and have become prevalent since the mass production of affordable cars by Ford Motor Company in early 1900s. The popularization of cars had made life more convenient, but meanwhile, plenty of problems arose owing to a lack of environmental consciousness in the early period. Along with the improvement of the consumer values, vehicle pollution has been a global concern with the coming of the twenty-first century. Although the inhabitants of the earth were fully aware of the importance of the environmental protection, it was still unrealistic to force them to give up owning cars in order to minimize the gas emissions and the use of petroleum resources. Therefore, there was an urgent demand for new types of cars which can be more ecofriendly. In the first decade of the new century, the design and manufacture of electric vehicles by Elon Musk is a milestone in the automobile history. Tesla Motors, the company with its incredible fully electric luxury sedan hit the wealthy who pursued fresh excitement and were willing to take responsibility for protecting the environment. The attractions of this fancy motorcar lie not only in its amazing acceleration or safety performance, but also in the use of clean energy to effectively avoid the emission of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. As Tesla Roadster was introduced as a better substitute of traditional cars to the market and consumers were naturally willing to replace the old one for the reduction of gas emission and the better protection of the environment, other companies saw the great opportunity as well and launched their new products one after another. Such positive consumer-driven cycle made energy-efficient and environmental-friendly automobiles a new trend of this cen tury. Different from what had happen to other markets, consumers didn’t simply cease their consumption in automobile to ease their concerns. Instead, they stimulate the market to update the products supplied by showing great demand for new types of cars out of concern for the environment, behind which is great influence from the consumer values. It finally offers them more choices, and thus they do not need to give up their motivations. The high price of Tesla Roadster may not be affordable to everyone, but other participants also showed their great efforts to make consumption both eco-friendly and satisfying. For those who already have cars, it seems impractical to buy a new one but reasonable to replace with another kind of fuel. Consumers highly demanded some improvements made in petroleum industry in order to reduce their guilty of polluting the environment. In this situation, the appearance of hybrid gasoline is well-founded. This new fuel reduces the pollution by adding ethanol into gasoline, which remains water after the combustion. With government support and the increasing demand, the production and use of ethanol fuel boomed in the past few years. And for those who want to buy new cars with budget constraint, the promotion of highly-efficiency and clean-fuel vehicles drop the price dramatically, and provide them with many choices as well. Consumer values often succeed in giving us suggestions about what we really need and demand for right things, in which bring such innovations that allow us to avoid struggling between conscience and desire. Besides automobile industry, there are many other businesses in which consumer values successfully make progress of technology to drive industrial development. In pharmaceutical industry, it has been a long history to use rare animals in medicine. The controversy of whether bear bile should be used as medicine has never stopped. Bear bile has been used as ingredients for its high medicinal value for thousands of years. However, the methods of bile extraction were very cruel which caused untold suffering to bears. Consumers expected the development of new drug which has the same effect but without hurting animals. Under this circumstance, after half-century study and experiment in medical circle, an artificially synthetic analogue of bear bile eventually were sold on the market and used widespread. It was another success that values guidance played its role rightly to promote the upgrade and update of commodities to conform customers’ demand. And there are numerous successful e xamples in every all walks of life. During the formation of consumer value in the past few centuries, a question has been frequently asked was in what way and how it guides our consumption behaviors. I would like to point out that consumer value as an invisible ideology often makes indirectly effect on buying habits. It exerts an imperceptible influence on consumer demand, and eventually promotes the market to supply better products with advanced technologies which allowed consumers easily to make right decisions.

Staffing Essay -- essays research papers

All About Staffing I. Nature of Staffing Staffing is an organization-wide function, comparable to other functions such as marketing, focused on solving problems and adding value with a company's human, social, and intellectual capital. Staffing includes attracting and hiring talented people, as well as developing, appraising, and rewarding them through performance management and training programs. Staffing has a heavy legal emphasis, since employment and labor laws significantly impact both employee and employer rights and responsibilities. Staffing is the process of recruiting, selecting and training of personnel. It means putting the right men on the right jobs. All business organizations should focus their attention and be concerned about the effectiveness and efficiency of their employees specially their managers. The function of staffing has to do with manning an organization structure so that it can completely operate in the present and in the future. II. Recruitment Recruitment is the process of encouraging, inducing or influencing applicants to apply for a certain vacant position. Whenever there are vacancies, it is necessary to find a person to fill those vacancies. Some organizations do not wait until the vacancy arises, but they anticipate such vacancies and new openings in the short and long run and thus plan for future needs. Steps in Recruitment 1. Study the different jobs in the company and writing the job description and specification. 2. Requisition for new employee. 3. Recruiting qualified applicants. 4. Reception of applicants. 5. Application form. 6. Testing. 7. Checking the applicant’s work experiences, school records and personal references. 8. Interview. 9. Matching the applicant with the job. 10. Final selection by immediate supervisor or department head. 11. Physical and medical examination. 12. Hiring. III. Training Training is the systematic development of the attitude/knowledge/behavior patterns for the adequate performance of a given job or task. All employees on a new job undergo a learning process whether or not formal training exists. Learning to perform or be more efficient in performing a job is made easier for employees where there are formal training. For the growth of the individual and the organization, these activities are carried out continuously in many organizations. The quality of this initial training ca... ...on to another without increasing his duties, responsibilities or pay. B. Promotion It refers to the shifting of an employee to a new position to which both his status and responsibilities are increased. 1. Horizontal Promotion – an advancement in pay that does not involve a move into a anew job classification. 2. Vertical Promotion – an advancement that moves an employee into a job with a higher rank or classification. C. Separation Separation from employment of the company may either be temporary or permanent, voluntary or involuntary. 1. Lay-off is temporary and involuntary, usually traceable to a negative business condition. 2. A discharge is a permanent separation of an employee, at the will of the employer, a person may be discharged if he is not competent in his job even after an honest effort has been made. 3. Resignation is the voluntary and permanent separation of an employee due to low morale, low salary, etc. 4. Retirement can either be voluntary or involuntary. It is voluntary if an employee retires upon reaching the number of years of services in the company as provided for by its policies. It is involuntary if one retires upon reaching the retirement age of 65.

Colon Cancer Treatment and Prevention

As representatives of the citizens of New York State, we have a responsibility to ensure that everyone has access to the highest quality health care possible. As a State Senator. I have worked aggressively to fight for increased funding for cancer education and prevention, and to improve and expand health care coverage and treatment, including legislation we are working hard to approve — the Women†s Health and Wellness Act — which would expand treatment and prevention services and insurance coverage for breast cancer and other illnesses facing women in particular. Colon cancer is currently the second leading cause of cancer deaths, followed only by lung cancer. This year, 130,200 Americans will be diagnosed with colon cancer. Nearly half, 56,300, will die from it. Focusing on expanding treatment and coverage for colon cancer is of critical importance in our continued efforts to provide greater access to preventative health care for all citizens. Because early detection is the key in fighting colon cancer and many other illnesses, it is critically important that we continue to educate people on how they can help to prevent colon cancer – by getting a colon cancer screenings like colonoscopies. Many people are apprehensive about the test itself, which is why we must continue to advocate for quality education and prevention services. One tremendous resource we have here in our region, right here in Rochester, is the University of Rochester†s Institute of Biomedical Sciences where scientists work diligently everyday to help find more effective ways to fight cancer. As the senior member of the Rochester State Legislative Delegation, I worked with my colleagues and Governor Pataki to secure $7 million in State assistance for the Institute and will continue to fight to support these important and life-saving endeavors. Certainly I support providing our health care consumers with greater access to prevention services and more expansive insurance coverage for colon cancer treatments and would encourage everyone interested in this issue to contact their State representatives to share their views and concerns.

All about Pygmy Goats essays

All about Pygmy Goats essays When most people think of pygmy goats they might not think of them as I do. They are fun, intelligent, animals, and they make wonderful pets. Pygmy goats have often been confused with Nigerian Dwarf goats, and Pygora goats. These breeds of goats may have some pigmy in them but they are bred different and have different goat breeds in them. There is so much to learn about pygmy goats, I will talk about several things including; how old a Pygmy should be before being bred, how expensive a Pygmy goats is to keep as a pet, what type of housing you may need, and how to feed them properly. Those are just some of the things that I will talk about. The Pygmy Goat was originally called the African Dwarf Goat. The Pygmy Goat first came from a former French Area off the West Coast of Africa. Heinz Ruhe brought the Pygmy Goat to the United States in 1959. By the 1970's interest in the Pygmy Goat began to grow to the point that registries for the Pygmy Goats were established to define breed type. In 1975 the incorporated National Pygmy Goat Association was formed. The Pygmy goat is a domesticated animal. They stand about 16-23 inches high, and weigh between 50-55 pounds. Pygmy goats are sometimes called African Pygmys, because that was where they were first seen. Pygmy goats were first seen in the United States in the 1950s in the zoos. They can also provide milk and meat, milk more common then meat in the United States. They use goat meat in Arabic countries, and over seas. Goat meat in the U.S. is not very popular, but there are some people out there that do eat it, or raise them for meat. Female goats are called does; males are called bucks; and young goats are called kids. Goats have the reputation for their odor, but generally only the males have an odor. The reason males have an odor is because they have scent glands as well as smaller scent glands in other places of there bodys. Pygmy goats are often kept as...

Free Essays on Hamlets Loneliness

Hamlet’s Loneliness Shakespeare’s work â€Å"Hamlet† focuses on several general themes that run throughout literature. The least obvious theme is loneliness. In Hamlet most of the suffering and loneliness Hamlet endures is brought with the secrets and betrayals he is forced to keep. In the story there are many instances where Hamlet is left lone with nobody to talk with about his pain and how it upsets him. This along with the betrayals of his former best friends torments young Hamlet throughout the play. These factors not only torment the young man but lead to his untimely demise as well. Hamlet learns rather quickly who is loyal to him and whom not to trust. The very first line he speaks gives away the feelings he has towards his uncle â€Å"A little more than kin, and less than kind." (I; ii; 65). He already distraught with the loss of his father but the addition of his cold, cruel uncle marrying Hamlet’s beloved mother is too much for the Dane to endure. His mother is another whom Hamlet feels betrayed him as well as her former husband by casting aside all love she felt for him and marrying his brother only a few months after his death. " Mother, you have my father much offended." (III; iv; 11) " A bloody deed-almost as bad, good mother, As kill a king, and marry with his brother. (III; iv; 29-30). Hamlet’s emotions suffered another casualty with the loss of the love his life Ophelia. Hamlet distances himself away from her as part of his crazed disposition â€Å"plan†. By insulting her and convincing Ophelia that he never loved her he further offends his soul. . "I loved you not" (III; i; 117) "Get thee to a nunnery†¦Marry a fool, for wise men know well enough what monsters you make of them" (III; i; 135-137). The final blow for Ophelia’s heart comes when Hamlet kills Polonius by mistaking him for Claudius. These actions lead Ophelia with no one to talk with and she takes her own life. The loss of his love d... Free Essays on Hamlet's Loneliness Free Essays on Hamlet's Loneliness Hamlet’s Loneliness Shakespeare’s work â€Å"Hamlet† focuses on several general themes that run throughout literature. The least obvious theme is loneliness. In Hamlet most of the suffering and loneliness Hamlet endures is brought with the secrets and betrayals he is forced to keep. In the story there are many instances where Hamlet is left lone with nobody to talk with about his pain and how it upsets him. This along with the betrayals of his former best friends torments young Hamlet throughout the play. These factors not only torment the young man but lead to his untimely demise as well. Hamlet learns rather quickly who is loyal to him and whom not to trust. The very first line he speaks gives away the feelings he has towards his uncle â€Å"A little more than kin, and less than kind." (I; ii; 65). He already distraught with the loss of his father but the addition of his cold, cruel uncle marrying Hamlet’s beloved mother is too much for the Dane to endure. His mother is another whom Hamlet feels betrayed him as well as her former husband by casting aside all love she felt for him and marrying his brother only a few months after his death. " Mother, you have my father much offended." (III; iv; 11) " A bloody deed-almost as bad, good mother, As kill a king, and marry with his brother. (III; iv; 29-30). Hamlet’s emotions suffered another casualty with the loss of the love his life Ophelia. Hamlet distances himself away from her as part of his crazed disposition â€Å"plan†. By insulting her and convincing Ophelia that he never loved her he further offends his soul. . "I loved you not" (III; i; 117) "Get thee to a nunnery†¦Marry a fool, for wise men know well enough what monsters you make of them" (III; i; 135-137). The final blow for Ophelia’s heart comes when Hamlet kills Polonius by mistaking him for Claudius. These actions lead Ophelia with no one to talk with and she takes her own life. The loss of his love d...

Capital Structure of Public Limited Companies Dissertation

Capital Structure of Public Limited Companies - Dissertation Example Table of Content Chapter 1: Introduction 5 Motivation 5 Aims and Objectives 5 Significance of the study 6 Research Questions 7 Research method and data 8 Research Structure 8 Chapter 2: Literature review 9 Global Financial Market 9 History 9 Evaluation of UK capital market 12 Causes of current financial crisis 13 Capital market 15 Source of finance 15 Current capital structure of FTSE 100 companies 16 Advantages and disadvantages of high leverage 19 Theories of capital market structure 20 Chapter 3: Methodology and data analysis 26 36 Chapter 4: Research Findings 36 Impact of Capital Structure on Agency Costs 36 Impact of recent global financial crisis on the capital structure of UK companies 37 Chapter 5: Conclusion 39 Reference 42 Bibliography 47 Financial times. European debt crisis shakes markets again. May 23, 2011. Retrieved from: http://www.kyivpost.com/content/business/european-debt-crisis-shakes-markets-again-105100.html 48 Chapter 1: Introduction Motivation Capital structur e of firms is developed based on many internal and external factors which have substantial influence on it. Financial Crisis or Liquidity Crisis in 2007 in global financial market has had a major impact on the firms’ financial status across the world. ... Financial crisis leads to dr4amatiacally decrease in stock price of the firms. So, equity structure of the firms also changed during this recession period. Capital structure is the major part of overall financial structure and policies of firms. Companies develop financial structure and policies based on major external financial condition of the market where they operate business. Though there is many empirical studies and research on capital structures but it hard to assess the impact of financial crisis on it. Therefore, it this study, capital structure theories and empirical studies are analysed to assess the extent of impact of financial crisis on capital structure and reason for the impact. Aims and Objectives The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the capital structure of firms in the UK before the global economic crisis in the years around 2007 and after the financial crisis in the years 2011 or 2012. In order to achieve the above mentioned aim of the study, the following objectives have been considered: Review theories on capital structure in order to determine how it might change during a period of prolonged recession and liquidity crisis. Compare and contrast the capital structure of public UK companies in 2007 and in 2011/2012.Evaluate the extent to which any changes in capital structure are due to the ongoing global crisis. Aim of this paper is a detailed evaluation of the capital structure of firms in United Kingdom. Capital structure of the firms in before financial crisis will be compared with current revised capital structures of the firms. For this purpose, reasons for financial crisis need to be analysed along with history of it to assess its impact in earlier. Theoretically aim of the paper is to

Primary causes behind the start of the Cold War Essay

Primary causes behind the start of the Cold War - Essay Example Cold War is recognized as an era of extreme tension and hostility between Soviet Union and the United States of America. The War had its origins at the end of Second World War and ended in the early decade of 1990s. The fear of nuclear escalation did not allow the two economies to indulge into an active war therefore; this war is known as Cold War. This war is different from the other wars because it was not an active war and it was fought through propagandas, military clashes, economic clashes and diplomatic bargaining. Most of the world economies came under the impact of Cold War including the neutral economies, newly independent economies and others. Various factors contributed to intensify the conflicts between the two nations however, a few of them appeared as the primary causes of Cold War. The aim of this essay is to discuss the primary causes of Cold War. In general, there are three views about â€Å"who was to blame for the Cold War? (Johndclare)† The Traditional view is supported by western writers who blame Soviet Russia for the Cold War and they argue that Stalin was seeking to establish a Soviet empire. The Revisionist view is supported by western writers who blame America for the Cold War. They argue that Truman could not understand the impact of Second World War on Russia. Third view is the Post-Revisionists view which considers the hatred of both nations as the primary cause of Cold War. ... The historians have disagreements over the exact date of Cold War however; most of the historians agree that this war started when the President of the United States, Truman announced an anti-communist policy. The Second World War has its significance in the discussion of Cold War because the war started immediately after the Second World War. The ideological, political and economic differences between the United States and Soviet Union were not much prominent before the World War II however; mutual suspicions and distrust intensified the differences between the two nations and came on screen after the World War II. These differences and the factors intensifying these differences became the primary causes of Cold War. The defeat of Nazi Germany became the collapse of old Europe and appeared as a common victory of American and Soviet soldiers who celebrated the victory together in Germany in 1945. However, the conflicts between Soviet Union and the United States increased when it came to make a decision about the occupied Germany and the composition of a new Polish government. These conflicts intensified when the two nations failed to agree on a common plan relevant to the control of atomic energy and Soviets started communizing the lands under their occupation which threatened the United States on the division of Europe. The United States could see the spread of Communist State in the Western Europe whereas; the Soviet Union was threatened by American nuclear power and control. Fuller argues that the fear of democratic west about the Soviet Union was the primary cause of Cold War. If at one end, Soviet Union had a fear of western invasions of her new satellites, then at the other end, the western states were seeing the spread of Marxism.